Automatic firearm.



T.v MARTIN.

\ AUTOMATIC FIEBABM. ArrLloATIoN Hmm JAN. 21, 1909.

935,.6-72, l l Patented 0013.5, 1909.

THOMAS MARTIN, OF vST. ETIENNE, i

Urom'ric Hannan.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Application lediJanuary 21, 1909. Serial No. 478,532.

To all wlwm it may concern:

Be it known that I, THOMAS MARTIN, a citizen of the French Republic, and resident of St. Etienne, France, have invented certain new and useful` Improvements in Automat-ic Firearms, of which the following is a specification.

Thisinvention relates toan automatic repeatingpistol provided with a stationary barrel and a movable breech block, the object of the invention being to provide a firearm of this kind having a barrel andv a breech-block adapted to be taken into pieces and put together againwithout the use of any tool and the constituent parts of which have been simplified in their form and arrangement so as to facilitate the manufacture of the arm.

Another object of the invention 4is to provide a tire-arm wherein the number of the constituent parts has been reduced to a mini-l munrand wherein certain members such as the trigger spring and the sear spring have a multiple part to'play. Besides, the firearm has been provided with a safety member which may be used either as a facultative safety device thanks to a rotary disk which locks it at will or as an automatic safety device working under the simple pressure of the hand when the lock disk has been withdrawn and sets the safety device free.

In the accompanying drawing: Figure 1 is a perspective view of the front end of my improved pistol, this figure showing the mode of fixation'employed for, securing the barrel on the handle piece or body ofthe arm. Fig. 2 is also a perspective view showing how the-barrel is taken away when the locking key has once been shifted aside. Fig. 3 shows the barrel and the breech separated from the remainder of the arm and shows how the barrel is mounted on the breech and is removed therefrom. Fig. 4 is a longitudinal `section of the fire-arm. Fig. 5 is a rear elevation View of the breech. Fig. 6 shows the locking key viewed from below. Fig. 7 is a top plan view of the actuating rod of the sear. Fig. 8 is a top plan view of the breech-block.

The barrel 1 carries below the cartridge chamber an extension 2 which is provided at its lower part with a male dove-tailed part 8 arranged in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the fire-arm. The handle-4 with which the breech block 5 is slidingly en- Patented Oct. 5, 1909 gaged is rovided with a female dove-tailed f Apart 6 ig. 2) wherein the dove-tail 3 of the barrel is adapted `to be engaged from the front toward the rear.

Secured to the front .end of the handle is a pivot 7 to which the locking key 8 is hingedly connected. This key is provided von its right hand side, with a projecting or pushing art 9, on its opposite'side with a heel 10 igs. 2 and 6) and on its lower surface with a sto spri 11 (Figs 4 and 6). This spring is odged. 1n a groove 12 of the keyand its end 13 which is opposite the ivot 7 is bent at right angles and riveted into a hole provided in the key, while the opposite'end, which is iexible, finishes near the pivot 7 in a spherical button 14 projectin on the lower surface of the key.

en it is desired to secure the barrel to the handle, all that is necessaryto dois to enga e the male dovetailed part 3 into the fema e dove-tailed part 6 of the handle and to bring the locking key back into the position shown by Fig. 1. The pivotal motion of the locking key is checked bythe heel 10;

it is besides held in place by the spring'll the spherical end 14 of which engages a small hole 15 (Fig. 4) provided in the handle near the pivot of the key. Inversely, when the locking 4key 8 is brought into the position shownby Fig. 2 the barrel is set free and can be removed by a slight eort exerted from the back toward the front.

The recovering spring 16, the object of which is to `bring the breech block back to the front after each firing of a cartridge, is constructed in the following manner: The rear end of the spring is engaged into a blind hole 17 pierced into the lower extension 2'of the barrel while its front end con tacts with the front edge 19 of the breech block either directly or through the medium of a turned guide 18. The front part' of the b'reech block 5 (Figs. 3, 4 and 8) has the shape of a box which is left open at its bottom with a view of receiving the barrel. This box is pierced at its front end with an opening 20 leaving Vpassage to the end of y 'y the lateral wall of the breech block and is connection 24. The rear part of the breech fixed at its rear end by means o f a ldovetail cartridge through the opening 28. The

spring 29 of the percussion pinbears on the abutment 30 carried by the handle. Thls abutment for the spring has also fqr 1ts object to oppose itself, as shown by Fig. 5

to the reactions which would have, during the function of the fire-arm or under any other circumstances a tendency to separate the breach block 5 from the handle 4.

The lire-arm being entirely put together, if the locking key is brought toward the .outside and if the barrel is disenga ed as explained above, the breech 'block ollows the motion of the barrel as if these two parts were only one part. For separating them all that is to do is to slightly com ress the spring by acting on the barrel, rom the back toward the front and to pull thereafter the barrel downward (F ig. 3). That part of the breech block which in Fig. 3 is shown on the left hand side of the line A B C, may be dispensed with and in this case, the barrel is taken out either downward`as shown or in the opposite direction that is to say upward. The trigger 31 is pivotally mounted on the pin 32 and carries a tumbler 33 having a heel and which is itself pivotally connected with the trigger at 3 4. These two members are acted upon by a single spring 35 which presses the trigger forward and the heel downward. The said spring is V shaped and one of the branches of this V bears on a stationary part of the handle while the other acts upon the tumbler a little under its articulation 34. The two branches of the V form at their meeting point a small ringr 36 through which passes the articulating in of the trigger. The motion of the hee is transmitted to the sear 37 through the medlum of an actuating rod 38 the two ends of which are bent at right angles as shown by the plan view Fig. 7. It is at the front edge 39 of this actuating rod that the escape vof the heel takes place under the action of the pressure exerted by the fingers as soon as the sear has set the percussion pin free in such a manner that during the backward motion of the breech block, the sear may freely move to take again hold of the percussion pin and to cock the arm again. As soon as the pressure exerted by the finger on the trigger ceases, the heel falls infront of the rod 38 and the fire-arm is ready for `ring another cartridge. z

The rear part of the mechanism that is to say the part which is arranged in the handle behind the magazine 40 comprises four main parts viz:

1. The sear 37 with its hinge pin 41, its

projects from the outside of the handle and is adapted to be acted upon by the hand.

3. The rotating lock bolt or disk 49 formed in the shape of a crescent and pivotally connected to the automatic safety member by means of the pin 50. The outside of the locking member 1s milled at 51 whereby this locking member may be rotated by a pressure exerted by means of the finger.

4. The magazine stop or cock 52 ivotally connected at 53 to the handle an provided with a milled part 54 and a stop nose 55 adapted to penetrate into a notch 56 of the magazine.

The function of these four members is as-` `ranged as shown in Fig. 4. The upper end of this spring brings the sear back. The lower end holds and applies the magazine stop 52; the elasticity ofthe middle part of the spring is made use of for bringing back the automatic safety device on which the spring acts at the point 58, finally the ro tating locking member 49 bears on the same spring when it is placed as shown by Fig. 4

that is to say in such a manner that the automatic safety device is held immovable. If pressure is exerted on the locking member 49 1n the direct-ion of the arrow 59, the flat part 60 of the locking member faces the spring. Fromthis lnoment the locking member no longer prevents the motion of the safety member 45 and when the fire-arm is grasped by hand when it is desired to fire, the said safety member 45 is caused to oscillate automatically under the action of the pressure exerted by the hand and the notch 47 frees the safety nose 43 of the Sear.

Having now fully described my said invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. In an automatic re arm, the combination with a stock' and barrel, said stock and barrel having dove-tailed interfitting part-s extending along `the sides and rear of the.

barrel, and means for locking the barrel in position on said stock.

2. In an automatic fire-arm of the kind described the combination with the handle of a dovetailed groove provided in the upper part of said handle, a barrel, a lower extenslon on. the rear part of said barrel, a male dove-tailed projection provided on the lower surface of said proj ectlon ofthe barrel and adapted to engage the said dovetailed groove of the handle, and a locking key pivthereof and adapted to lock the said barrel in position on said handle, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. In an automatic fire-arm of the kind' described the combination with the handle,

l the barrel, the breechblock and the magazine of the {ire-arm, of a trigger pivotally connected with the said handle, a tumbler provided with a rear heel and pivotally mounted onV said trigger, a spring adapted to control both the trigger and its tumbler, and means acted upon by the said tumbler and adapted to actuate the sear, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

4. In an automatic fire-arm of the kind described theA combination with the handle and -the magazine of said arm, of a sear positioned in said handle behind the said magazine, a trigger pivotally connected to the said handle in front of said magazine, a tumbler provided with a rear heel and pivotally mounted on the said trigger, a V shaped Vspring pivotally mounted on the with one of its branches against the said andle and adapted to actuate with its-other branch the said tumbler `and trigger to hold them in their position 4of rest and means passin by the side of the magazine and adapted to transmit the motion of said trigger and tumbler to the said sear, substantially as and for the purpose set forthjf p 5. In an automatic fire-arm of the kind described the combination with thev handle of the fire-arm and the magazine thereof arranged in the said'handle, of a sear positioned in the rear part of said handle behind the said magazine, a trigger pivotally connected to the said handle in front of said magazine, a tumbler pivotally mounted on the rear part of saidV trigger and rovided with a rear heel, a single spring a apted to control both the said trigger and the said tumbler, a fiat rod arranged on the side of said magazine and having its both ends bent to right angles, the front end of said rod being adapted to be controlled by the said rear heel of the tumbler of the trigger and the rear end of the said rod bein adapted to actuate the said sear, substantia ly as and' for the purpose set fort-h.

6. In an automatic {ire-arm of the kind described the combination with the handle and the magazine of the said fire-arm of a sear pivotally mounted in the said handle behind the said magazine, a safety lever pivotally mounted in the said handle at the rear o'f said magazine, a magazine sto pivotally mounted 1n the rear part of sai handle behind the said magazine and a single fiat spring adapted to control said Sear, l

safety lever and magazine stop, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

"7. In an automatic fire-arm of the kind described the combination with the handle Aof the fire-arm and the magazine arranged in the said handle, of a sear pivotally mounted in the upperpart of said handle behind the said magazine, a rear safety nose on the said scar, a safety lever pivotally mounted in the said 'rear part of the handle behind the said magazine so as to project from the said handle, this lever being adapted to be actuated by the pressure of the hand grasping the handle of the irearm and to control the said safety nose of the Sear, a magazine stop pivotally mounted in the lower part of the said rear part of the handle behind the said magazine and a single rectangularly shaped iat spring adapted to control the said scar, safety lever and magazine stop, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

8. In an automatic fire-arm of the kind described the combination with the handle of the vre-arm and the magazine arranged in the said handle, of a Sear pivotally mounted in the upper part of said handle behind the said magazine, a rear xsafety nose ongthe said Sear, a two armed safety lever pivotally mounted in the middle part of said handle behind the said magazine, this lever having two arms the upper one of which is adapted to coperate wlth the rear safety nose of the said Sear so as to lock the latter or to free it, while the lower arm of the said safety lever slightly projects beyond the re'ar edge of said handle so as to be acted upon by the hand grasping the said handle, a crescent shaped locking member pivotally mounted in the said handle under the lower end of said safety lever, this locking member being adapted to be acted upon from the'outside by hand so as to lock the said safety lever in its locking position or to leave it free to move, a magazine stop pivotally mounted in the lower part of said handle behind the said magazine and rec- 

